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Compare Kiribati (2008) - San Marino (2002)

Compare Kiribati (2008) z San Marino (2002)

 Kiribati (2008)San Marino (2002)
 KiribatiSan Marino
Administrative divisions 3 units; Gilbert Islands, Line Islands, Phoenix Islands; note - in addition, there are 6 districts (Banaba, Central Gilberts, Line Islands, Northern Gilberts, Southern Gilberts, Tarawa) and 21 island councils - one for each of the inhabited islands (Abaiang, Abemama, Aranuka, Arorae, Banaba, Beru, Butaritari, Kanton, Kiritimati, Kuria, Maiana, Makin, Marakei, Nikunau, Nonouti, Onotoa, Tabiteuea, Tabuaeran, Tamana, Tarawa, Teraina) 9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Monte Giardino, San Marino, Serravalle
Age structure 0-14 years: 38.2% (male 20,886/female 20,322)


15-64 years: 58.4% (male 31,083/female 31,884)


65 years and over: 3.4% (male 1,554/female 2,088) (2007 est.)
0-14 years: 16.1% (male 2,300; female 2,161)


15-64 years: 67.5% (male 9,102; female 9,625)


65 years and over: 16.4% (male 1,956; female 2,586) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products copra, taro, breadfruit, sweet potatoes, vegetables; fish wheat, grapes, corn, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, beef, cheese, hides
Airports 19 (2007) none (2001)
Airports - with paved runways total: 4


1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 (2007)
-
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 15


914 to 1,523 m: 11


under 914 m: 4 (2007)
-
Area total: 811 sq km


land: 811 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes three island groups - Gilbert Islands, Line Islands, Phoenix Islands
total: 61.2 sq km


land: 61.2 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative four times the size of Washington, DC about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC
Background The Gilbert Islands were granted self-rule by the UK in 1971 and complete independence in 1979 under the new name of Kiribati. The US relinquished all claims to the sparsely inhabited Phoenix and Line Island groups in a 1979 treaty of friendship with Kiribati. The third smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco) also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named Marinus in 301 A.D. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of Italy. Social and political trends in the republic also track closely with those of its larger neighbor.
Birth rate 30.48 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) 10.64 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget revenues: $55.52 million


expenditures: $59.71 million (FY05)
revenues: $400 million


expenditures: $400 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
Capital name: Tarawa


geographic coordinates: 1 19 N, 172 58 E


time difference: UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
San Marino
Climate tropical; marine, hot and humid, moderated by trade winds Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers
Coastline 1,143 km 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution 12 July 1979 8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Kiribati


conventional short form: Kiribati


local long form: Republic of Kiribati


local short form: Kiribati


note: pronounced keer-ree-bahss


former: Gilbert Islands
conventional long form: Republic of San Marino


conventional short form: San Marino


local long form: Repubblica di San Marino


local short form: San Marino
Currency - euro (EUR); Italian lira (ITL)
Death rate 8.12 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) 7.79 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external $10 million (1999 est.) $NA
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in Kiribati; the ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Kiribati the US does not have an embassy in San Marino; the US Consul General in Florence (Italy) is accredited to San Marino
Diplomatic representation in the US Kiribati does not have an embassy in the US; there is an honorary consulate in Honolulu San Marino does not have an embassy in the US


honorary consulate(s) general: Washington, DC and New York


honorary consulate(s): Detroit and Honolulu
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - recipient $27.84 million largely from UK and Japan (2005) $NA
Economy - overview A remote country of 33 scattered coral atolls, Kiribati has few natural resources. Commercially viable phosphate deposits were exhausted at the time of independence from the UK in 1979. Copra and fish now represent the bulk of production and exports. The economy has fluctuated widely in recent years. Economic development is constrained by a shortage of skilled workers, weak infrastructure, and remoteness from international markets. Tourism provides more than one-fifth of GDP. Private sector initiatives and a financial sector are in the early stages of development. Foreign financial aid from UK, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and China equals more than 10% of GDP. Remittances from seamen on merchant ships abroad account for more than $5 million each year. Kiribati receives around $15 million annually for the government budget from an Australian trust fund. The tourist sector contributes over 50% of GDP. In 2000 more than 3 million tourists visited San Marino. The key industries are banking, wearing apparel, electronics, and ceramics. Main agricultural products are wine and cheeses. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of the most prosperous regions of Italy, which supplies much of its food.
Electricity - consumption 8.37 million kWh (2005) 184.5 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2005) 0 kWh


note: electric power supplied by Italy (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2005) 185 kWh


note: electricity supplied by Italy (2000)
Electricity - production 9 million kWh (2005) 0 kWh
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel: NA%


hydro: NA%


nuclear: NA%


other: NA%
Elevation extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Banaba 81 m
lowest point: Torrente Ausa 55 m


highest point: Monte Titano 755 m
Environment - current issues heavy pollution in lagoon of south Tarawa atoll due to heavy migration mixed with traditional practices such as lagoon latrines and open-pit dumping; ground water at risk NA
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Nuclear Test Ban


signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution
Ethnic groups Micronesian 98.8%, other 1.2% (2000 census) Sammarinese, Italian
Exchange rates Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.2137 (2007), 1.3285 (2006), 1.3095 (2005), 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003) euros per US dollar - 1.1324 (January 2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.08540 (2000), 0.93863 (1999); Italian lire per US dollar - 1,736.2 (1998), 1,703.1 (1997)
Executive branch chief of state: President Anote TONG (since 10 July 2003); Vice President Teima ONORIO; note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Anote TONG (since 10 July 2003); Vice President Teima ONORIO


cabinet: 12-member cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of the House of Parliament


elections: the House of Parliament chooses the presidential candidates from among its members and then those candidates compete in a general election; president is elected by popular vote for a four-year term (eligible for two more terms); election last held 17 October 2007 (next to be held in 2011); vice president appointed by the president


election results: Anote TONG 63.7%, Nabuti MWEMWENIKARAWA 32.9%
chief of state: cochiefs of state Captain Regent Giuseppe Maria MORGANTI and Captain Regent Mauro CHIARUZZI (for the period 1 October 2002-31 March 2003)


head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Fiorenzo STOLFI (since 17 December 2002)


cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term


elections: cochiefs of state (captains regent) elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term; election last held NA September 2002 (next to be held NA April 2003); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term; election last held 17 December 2002 (next to be held NA June 2007)


election results: Giuseppe Maria MORGANTI and Mauro CHIARUZZI reelected captains regent; percent of legislative vote - NA%; Fiorenzo STOLFI elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote - 40%


note: the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (cochiefs of state) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State) which has ten other members, all selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are ten secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed some of the prerogatives of a prime minister
Exports 0 bbl/day (2004) trade data are included with the statistics for Italy
Exports - commodities copra 62%, coconuts, seaweed, fish building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, ceramics
Exports - partners US 22.8%, Belgium 21.5%, Japan 14.3%, Samoa 7.8%, Australia 7.5%, Malaysia 6.7%, Taiwan 5.6%, Denmark 4.6% (2006) -
Fiscal year NA calendar year
Flag description the upper half is red with a yellow frigate bird flying over a yellow rising sun, and the lower half is blue with three horizontal wavy white stripes to represent the ocean two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty)
GDP - purchasing power parity - $940 million (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 8.9%


industry: 24.2%


services: 66.8% (2004)
agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $34,600 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 0.3% (2005) 7.5% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates 1 25 N, 173 00 E 43 46 N, 12 25 E
Geography - note 21 of the 33 islands are inhabited; Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Makatea in French Polynesia, and Nauru landlocked; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennines
Highways - total: 220 km


paved: 220 km


unpaved: 0 km (2001)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Imports 216.4 bbl/day (2004) trade data are included with the statistics for Italy
Imports - commodities foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, miscellaneous manufactured goods, fuel wide variety of consumer manufactures, food
Imports - partners Australia 33%, Fiji 27.1%, Japan 18.1%, NZ 6.9% (2006) -
Independence 12 July 1979 (from UK) 3 September 301
Industrial production growth rate 0.7% (1991 est.) 6% (1997 est.)
Industries fishing, handicrafts tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine
Infant mortality rate total: 46.02 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 51.03 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 40.75 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
6.09 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 0.5% (2005 est.) 3.3% (2001)
International organization participation ACP, ADB, C, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IOC, ITU, ITUC, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO CE, ECE, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WToO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 2 (2000)
Irrigated land NA NA sq km
Judicial branch Court of Appeal; High Court; 26 Magistrates' courts; judges at all levels are appointed by the president Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII
Labor force 7,870 economically active, not including subsistence farmers (2001 est.) 18,500 (1999) (1999)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture: 2.7%


industry: 32%


services: 65.3% (2000)
services 57%, industry 42%, agriculture 1% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km total: 39 km


border countries: Italy 39 km
Land use arable land: 2.74%


permanent crops: 47.95%


other: 49.31% (2005)
arable land: 16.67%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 83.33% (1998 est.)
Languages I-Kiribati, English (official) Italian
Legal system NA based on civil law system with Italian law influences; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral House of Parliament or Maneaba Ni Maungatabu (46 seats; 44 members elected by popular vote, 1 ex officio member - the attorney general, 1 nominated by the Rabi Council of Leaders (representing Banaba Island); to serve four-year terms)


elections: legislative elections were held in two rounds - the first round on 22 August 2007 and the second round on 30 August 2007 (next to be held in 2011)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA, other 2 (includes attorney general)
unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 10 June 2001 (next to be held by June 2006)


election results: percent of vote by party - PDCS 41.4%, PSS 24.2%, PD 20.8%, APDS 8.2%, RC 3.4%, AN 1.9%; seats by party - PDCS 25, PSS 15, PD 12, APDS 5, RC 2, AN 1
Life expectancy at birth total population: 62.45 years


male: 59.41 years


female: 65.63 years (2007 est.)
total population: 81.33 years


male: 77.79 years


female: 85.18 years (2002 est.)
Literacy definition: NA


total population: NA


male: NA


female: NA
definition: age 10 and over can read and write


total population: 96%


male: 97%


female: 95% (1976 est.)
Location Oceania, group of 33 coral atolls in the Pacific Ocean, straddling the Equator; the capital Tarawa is about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia; note - on 1 January 1995, Kiribati proclaimed that all of its territory lies in the same time zone as its Gilbert Islands group (UTC +12) even though the Phoenix Islands and the Line Islands under its jurisdiction lie on the other side of the International Date Line Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy
Map references Oceania Europe
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
none (landlocked)
Merchant marine total: 7 ships (1000 GRT or over) 28,435 GRT/42,682 DWT


by type: bulk carrier 1, cargo 3, passenger/cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 2


foreign-owned: 3 (Malaysia 1, Singapore 1, Turkey 1) (2007)
-
Military - note Kiribati does not have military forces; defense assistance is provided by Australia and NZ -
Military branches no regular military forces; Police Force (carries out law enforcement functions and paramilitary duties; small police posts are on all islands) (2007) Voluntary Military Force (Corpi Militari Voluntar), Gendarmerie; note - the Voluntary Military Force performs ceremonial duties and limited police assistance
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $700,000 (FY00/01)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP NA NA%
National holiday Independence Day, 12 July (1979) Founding of the Republic, 3 September (301)
Nationality noun: I-Kiribati (singular and plural)


adjective: I-Kiribati
noun: Sammarinese (singular and plural)


adjective: Sammarinese
Natural hazards typhoons can occur any time, but usually November to March; occasional tornadoes; low level of some of the islands make them very sensitive to changes in sea level NA
Natural resources phosphate (production discontinued in 1979) building stone
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) 11.29 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Political parties and leaders Boutokaan Te Koaua Party or BTK [Taberannang TIMEON]; Maneaban Te Mauri Party or MTM [Teburoro TITO]; Maurin Kiribati Pati or MKP; National Progressive Party or NPP [Dr. Harry TONG]


note: there is no tradition of formally organized political parties in Kiribati; they more closely resemble factions or interest groups because they have no party headquarters, formal platforms, or party structures
Communist Refoundation or RC [Ivan FOSHI]; Ideas in Movement or IM [Alessandro ROSSI]; National Alliance or AN [leader NA]; Party of Democrats or PD [Claudio FELICI]; San Marino Christian Democratic Party or PDCS [Romeo RIORRI]; San Marino Popular Alliance of Democrats or APDS [Roberto GIORGETTI]; San Marino Socialist Party or PSS [Augusto CASALI]; Socialists for Reform or SR [Renzo GIARDI]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 107,817 (July 2007 est.) 27,730 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 2.235% (2007 est.) 1.41% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors - none
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 1 (may be inactive) (2002) AM 0, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios - 16,000 (1997)
Railways - 0 km; note - there is a 1.5-km cable railway connecting the city of San Marino to Borgo Maggiore
Religions Roman Catholic 52%, Protestant (Congregational) 40%, other (includes Seventh-Day Adventist, Muslim, Baha'i, Latter-day Saints, Church of God) 8% (1999) Roman Catholic
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.028 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.975 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.744 male(s)/female


total population: 0.986 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
at birth: 1.09 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female


total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: generally good quality national and international service


domestic: wire line service available on Tarawa and Kiritimati (Christmas Island); connections to outer islands by HF/VHF radiotelephone; wireless service available in Tarawa since 1999


international: country code - 686; Kiribati is being linked to the Pacific Ocean Cooperative Telecommunications Network, which should improve telephone service; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
general assessment: adequate connections


domestic: automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system


international: connected to Italian international network
Telephones - main lines in use 4,500 (2002) 18,000 (1998)
Telephones - mobile cellular 600 (2004) 3,010 (1998)
Television broadcast stations 1 (possibly inactive) (2002) 1 (San Marino residents also receive broadcasts from Italy) (1997)
Terrain mostly low-lying coral atolls surrounded by extensive reefs rugged mountains
Total fertility rate 4.12 children born/woman (2007 est.) 1.3 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate 2% official rate; underemployment 70% (1992 est.) 2.6% (2001)
Waterways 5 km (small network of canals in Line Islands) (2007) none
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